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  • 专利说明
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    • 专利摘要:
    A cement composition is disclosed containing a fine-grained aggregate in which fine-grained elastic graphite-shaped carbon particles ('RGC') replace a proportion of the fine-grained aggregate (typically sand) in the cement formulation. In the present specification, "fine-grained" particles having a mesh size of less than ca. 8 mesh or a particle size of less than approx. 2.38 mm, or more preferably, when referring to RGC, a mesh size of less than approx. 16 mesh and a particle size of less than approx. 1.19 mm. "Elastic" describes graphite-shaped carbon particles exhibiting a backscatter of at least about 20% after compression to 10,000 psi.
    公开号:DK201700002U1
    申请号:DK201700002U
    申请日:2017-01-11
    公开日:2017-01-27
    发明作者:Changjun Zhou；David J Derwin；Frank A Wawrzos；Peter Roy Carney；Craig Allen Baer；Marcin Tlustochowicz
    申请人:Superior Graphite Co；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    CEMENTAL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING AN ELASTIC GRAPHITE SHAPED CARBON
    Background The present invention relates to methods for improving the thermal and electrical properties of cement compositions and to formulations for cements having such properties, and more particularly to such methods and formulations in which fine-grained elastic graphite-shaped carbon particles are added to the formulations.
    Electrically conductive and / or heat conducting cements are useful for a variety of purposes, such as, but not limited to, heated outdoor coating systems, indoor or outdoor heated / cooled floor systems, heat dissipation in power plants or mechanical systems, and heat dissipation in structural systems.
    It is known that adding graphite to cement compositions improves the thermal and electrical properties of the cement. See, e.g., US 3,626,149, Peter R. Camey et al., US 5,226,961, Nahm et al., US 5,908,584, Bennett, and US 7,732,381, Williams et al.
    The present invention provides methods and formulations for cements having a fine-grained proportion comprising elastic graphite-shaped carbon and with improved thermal and electrical properties.
    Summary In one aspect of the process, a method is provided for improving the thermal and electrical properties of cement compositions in which fine-grained elastic graphite-shaped carbon particles ("RGC") replace a proportion of the fine-grained aggregate (typically sand) in the cement formulation. In this specification, the "fine grain" is used to denote particles having a mesh size of less than ca. 8 mesh, or a particle size less than approx. 2.38 mm, or, preferably, when referring to RGC, a mesh size of less than approx. 16 mesh and a particle size of less than approx. 1.19 mm. "Elastic" means graphite-shaped carbon particles that exhibit a backscatter of at least approx. 20% after compression to a pressure of 10,000 psi.
    More specifically, RGC can replace up to 100 vol% (or 100 wt%) of fine grain aggregate in the proportion of dry ingredients in the concrete composition or, more preferably, up to approx. 75% by volume (or about 64 wt%) of the fine-grained dry ingredient (dry matter) additive in the mortar composition.
    Wt% indicates weight percent.
    In another aspect, RGC may comprise synthetically produced graphite, heat treated calcined petroleum coke, or a combination thereof.
    In another aspect of the preparation, the cement mixtures to which RGC is added may be Portland cement formulations of ASTM C150 (especially types I, II, III and V), oil well cements (as defined by API and containing Portland type cements ) and gypsum-based cements for floor leveling (such as those sold by the USG Corporation under the trademark LEVELROCK® and by Maxxon Corporation under the trademark GYP-CRETE®). Further aspects of the generation are provided as follows: a method for improving the thermal and electrical properties of a cement composition containing a fine-grained aggregate, in which method fine-grained elastic graphite-shaped carbon particles replace a proportion of the fine-grained aggregate. A method according to the above wherein the fine-grained aggregate material and the fine-grained resilient graphite-shaped carbon particles contain particles having a mesh size of less than approx. 8 mesh (particle size less than 2.38 mm). • A method according to the above wherein the elastic graphite-shaped carbon particles exhibit a backscash of at least approx. 20% after compression to a pressure of 10,000 psi. A method according to the above wherein the elastic graphite-shaped carbon particles are selected from synthetically produced graphite, heat-treated calcined petroleum coke and a combination of synthetically-made graphite and heat-treated calcined petroleum coke. A method according to the above wherein cement compositions to which the resilient graphite carbon particles are added include one or more of the Portland cement formulations ASTM C150 type I, II, ΠΙ and V, Portland cements for oil wells, gypsum / cement mixtures, fly ash / cement blends, and gypsum-based cements for floor leveling.
    In accordance with a further aspect of the preparation, formulations are provided for cement compositions in which RGC constitutes a proportion or all of the fine-grained aggregate. Preferably, the dry ingredients in concrete compositions according to the preparation are as follows: RGC: 0.5 wt% -32.3 wt%; coarse-grained aggregates: 5.2 wt% -71.0 wt%; fine grained aggregate / sand: 0 wt% (full replacement of RGC) -88.6 wt%; and cement (Portland type Eli): 15.7 wt% -23.2 wt%. Preferably, the drying ingredients in the mortar compositions of the invention are as follows: RGC: 0.5 wt% -37 wt%; coarse-grained aggregate: 0 wt%; fine grained aggregate / sand: 0 wt% (full substitute at RGC) -76.2 wt%; and cement (Portland type Eli): 23.3 wt% -40.0 wt%. In addition, the formulations may contain a proportion of fly ash to replace a proportion of the cement of 3.1 wt% - 4.6 wt% for mortar and from 4.7 wt% to 8.0 wt% for mortar. Further aspects will appear with reference to the detailed description below. In accordance with a further aspect of the preparation, formulations for cement compositions are provided according to the above, wherein the cement composition further comprises: 0.5 wt% -39.0 wt% elastic graphite-shaped carbon; 0 wt% coarse aggregate; 21.0 wt% -76.2 wt% fine grained aggregate; and 23.3 wt% -40.0 wt% cement.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a table indicating wt% for the various cement compositions made in connection with the ( -) test as set forth below.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present invention relates to cement / concrete formulations with the addition of elastic graphite-shaped carbon which provide superior thermal conductivity, electrical resistance, without impairing the mechanical performance. Due to the excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, cement / concrete products with the addition of elastic graphite can be used to help dissipate or conduct thermal energy, either alone or with the use of an energy source (e.g., an electric heating element or metal pipe to transport). liquids).
    Elastic graphite can be produced by heat treatment of calcined petroleum coke through a proprietary continuous fluid bed reactor technology. RGC particles are considered to be resilient if they exhibit a rebound of at least 20%, and preferably of at least 35% after applying a compressive pressure of 10,000 psi. More preferably, the elastic values of the RGC product are higher than 100%.
    Elasticity can be determined using a press, whereby the pressure is applied to a non-compressed material sample and released. More specifically, a test cylinder or die is filled with a dry and free-flowing amount of material to be tested. The test cylinder is then mounted on a press. Pressure is applied by the press to the specimen (to a pressure of 10,000 psi) and the height of the compressed specimen (ho) inside the test cylinder is measured. The pressure is then released and the bounce height of the sample in the test cylinder (hr) is measured 10 minutes after the pressure has been released and again 20 minutes after to ensure that the sample has stabilized. The elasticity (%) is then calculated as 100x (hfJho-1).
    The cement proportion of the mixtures may comprise various types of cement. For example, the proportion of cement in the blends included Portland cement, as defined by ASTM C 150. Tables 1 and 2 below indicate the typical primary phases and chemical compositions of Portland cement. TABLE 1
    TABLE 2
    There are five types of Portland cement with variations of the first three according to ASTM C150. Type I Portland cement is known as a cement for general or standard use. When referring to Portland cement, it is generally believed that type I is referred to unless another type is specified. Type I Portland cement is commonly used for general construction work, especially when making pre-cast and pre-cast, prestressed concrete, which should not be in contact with soil or groundwater. The typical phase compositions of this type are: 55% (C3S), 19% (C2S), 10% (C3A), 7% (C4AF), 2.8% (MgO), 2.9% (SO3), 1, 0% (H 2 O and CO 2) and 1.0% (free CaO). A limitation on composition is that (C3A) must not exceed fifteen percent.
    Type II Portland cement is intended to have moderate resistance to sulfates, with or without moderate hydration heat. The typical phase composition is: 51% (C3S), 24% (C2S), 6% (C3A), 11% (C4AF), 2.9% (MgO), 2.5% (SO3), 0.8% ( H2O and CO2) and 1.0% (free CaO). A limitation in the type II composition is that (C3A) must not exceed eight percent, reducing its resistance to sulfates. This type is for general construction work, which is moderately exposed to sulfate and is typically used where the concrete is in contact with soil and groundwater, especially in the western United States, due to high sulfur content in the soil. Because Type I and Type II cements are comparable in price, Type II is used as a standard-use cement and most of the Portland cement sold in North America meets this specification.
    Type III Portland cement has relatively high early strength. The typical phase composition is: 57% (C3S), 19% (C2S), 10% (C3A), 7% (C4AF), 3.0% (MgO), 3.1% (SO3), 0.9% ( H 2 O and CO 2) and 1.3% (free CaO). Type ΙΠ is similar to type I, but is finer ground. Some manufacturers make a separate lintel with higher C3S and / or C3A content, but it is more rare and usually ordinary clinker ground to a specific surface is used, typically 50-80% higher than type I. The gypsum content may also is increased by a smaller proportion. It gives the concrete where this type of cement is used a three-day compressive strength corresponding to the seven-day compressive strength for types I and II. The seven-day compressive strength in concrete using type ΠΙ cement is almost similar to concrete using type I and II cements, while six months the strength in type III concrete is the same or slightly lower than the strength for type I and type II concrete. Type III concrete is commonly used for pre-cast concrete elements, where high one-day strength enables rapid turnover of molds, as it is useful in emergency situations for construction and repairs and for the construction of foundations for machinery and gate installations.
    Type IV Portland cement is commonly known for its low heat of hydration. The typical phase composition for type IV cement is: 28% (C3S), 49% (C2S), 4% (C3A), 12% (C4AF), 1.8% (MgO), 1.9% (SO3), 0 , 9% (H 2 O and CO 2), and 0.8% (free CaO). The percentages of (C2S) and (C4AF) are relatively high and are relatively (C3S) and (C3A) relatively low. A limitation of type IV cement is that the maximum percentage of (C3A) is seven and the maximum percentage of (C3S) is thirty-five. This causes heat to be released by the hydration reaction to develop more slowly. However, as a consequence, the strength of the concrete develops slowly. After one or two years, the strength is higher than for the other types after full cure. Type IV cement is used for very large concrete structures, such as dams which have a small surface to volume ratio.
    Type V Portland cement is used where sulfate resistance is important. The typical phase composition for type V cement is: 38% (C3S), 43% (C2S), 4% (C3A), 9% (C4AF), 1.9% (MgO), 1.8% (SO3), 0 , 9% (H 2 O and CO 2) and 0.8% (free CaO). Type V cement has a very low (C3A) content, which explains its high sulfate resistance. The maximum permissible content of (C3A) is five percent for Type V Portland cement. Another limitation is that the (C4AF) + 2 (C3A) proportion does not exceed twenty percent. Type V cement is used in concrete to be exposed to alkaline soil and groundwater sulphates which react with (C3A), causing devastating expansion. While there are generally many places where it is not offered, it is commonly used in the western United States and Canada. As with Type IV, Type V Portland cement has been mainly displaced by ordinary cement with added ground granulated blast furnace slag or tertiary mixed cement containing slag and fly ash.
    Type Ia, Ila, and Ilia Portland cement have the same composition as Type I, Π and III. They differ in that type Ia, Ila, and Illa additionally contain a means for admixing air, which agent is ground in the mixture. Air admixture must comply with the minimum and maximum optional specification, as specified in the ASTM manual. These types are generally offered only in the eastern United States and Canada.
    Type II (MH) and II (MH) a have compositions similar to Type II and IIa, but with moderate hydration heat. (These cements were added to the ASTM C-150 in 2009).
    RGC can also be combined with self-leveling cements (typically comprising gypsum) and oil well cements in accordance with the present invention to obtain improved thermal and electrical properties.
    In accordance with the present invention, the compositions include: RGC, coarse-grained aggregate, fine-grained aggregate / sand, cement and optionally fly ash in the wt% ratios listed in Table 3. The formulations may also include water reducing and air -mixing additives.
    TABLE 3
    Testing A series of concrete mixtures were prepared in accordance with ASTM C192, in which RGC replaced a proportion of the fine-grained aggregate (sand). See. FIG. 1, eight samples (samples A-H) were prepared, two samples (samples A and F) being control samples in which the fine-grained aggregate did not contain RGC. Each sample contained cement, coarse-grained aggregate, fine-grained aggregate (RGC and sand) and water. RGC and sand had similar quality as specified in ASTM C778 for standard sand, with a smaller amount of material finer than # 100 mesh. With the exception of the control samples and samples C and D (which did not have acceptable machining properties), the proportions in wt% were as follows: cement: 16.47-17.54; coarse-grained aggregate: 48.18-52.00; fine-grained aggregate RGC: 10.32-15.93; fine-grained sand: 6.20-17.37; and water: 7.39-7.86.
    The samples were tested for compressive strength (ASTM C39), thermal diffusion (USACE CRD C36), specific heat properties (USACE CRD C124) and freeze-thaw properties (ASTM C666). In samples containing RGC aggregates, it was found that thermal conductivity increased significantly over the control samples, by approx. 110%, from 14.3 BTU in / ft2 h F to 30.2 BTU in / ft2 h F, by replacing 75 vol% of the fine grain aggregate with RGC, with minor adjustments of the ratio of fine grain to coarse aggregate for the purpose of to improve workability.
    Moderate improvement in freeze-thaw resistance was also observed in the experiments. The mechanical properties were sufficient to qualify all the tested mixtures for paving, indoor and outdoor floors and concrete constructions.
    Thus, improved cement compositions containing a proportion of RGC have been described. The compositions have been described as examples in the context of certain preferred embodiments having specified values and ranges for the various proportions. However, for the ranges specified, it should be understood that any value within the range, including the endpoints, is considered to be mentioned, and even if specific data points are explicitly identified, it must be considered that all data points within the range are specified.
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]
    A cement composition containing a proportion of fine-grained aggregate material, which is partially or wholly constituted by elastic graphite-shaped carbon particles having a mesh size of less than ca. 8 mesh (particle size less than 2.38 mm) and exhibiting a recoil of at least approx. 20% after compression to a pressure of 10,000 psi, where the resilient graphite carbon particles are selected from synthetically produced graphite, heat treated calcined petroleum coke, and a combination of synthetically produced graphite and heat treated calcined petroleum coke.
    [2]
    The cement composition of claim 1 further comprising: 0.5 wt% -32.3 wt% elastic graphite carbon; 5.2 wt% -71.0 wt coarse aggregate; 0 wt% -88.6 wt% fine grained aggregate; and 15.7 wt% -23.2 wt% cement.
    [3]
    The cement composition of claim 1 further comprising: 0.5 wt% -39.0 wt% elastic graphite carbon; 0 wt% coarse aggregate; 21.0 wt% -76.2 wt% fine-grained aggregate; and 23.3 wt% -40.0 wt% cement.
    [4]
    The cement composition of claim 2, wherein 3.1 wt% - 4.6 wt% fly ash is used in place of a corresponding amount of cement.
    [5]
    The cement composition of claim 3, wherein 4.7 wt% - 8.0 wt% fly ash is used in place of a corresponding amount of cement.
    [6]
    The cement composition of claim 2, wherein the cement is one or more of the Portland cement formulations ASTM C150 type I, II, III and V, Portland cements for oil wells, gypsum / cement mixtures, fly ash / cement mixtures, and gypsum based cements for floor leveling .
    [7]
    The cement composition of claim 3, wherein the cement is one or more of the Portland cement formulations ASTM C150 type I, II, III and V, Portland cements for oil wells, gypsum / cement mixtures, fly ash / cement mixtures, and gypsum based cements for floor leveling .
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DK201700002Y3|2017-02-24|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DKBA201700002U|DK201700002Y3|2017-01-11|2017-01-11|Cement compositions containing an elastic grafitformet carbon ratio|DKBA201700002U| DK201700002Y3|2017-01-11|2017-01-11|Cement compositions containing an elastic grafitformet carbon ratio|
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